The Ruthven Surname: Origins, History and Meaning

The Ruthven surname (pronounced Rivven or Riven) has roots in medieval Perthshire.   This article examines its origin, meaning, and historical background as part of my series on Scottish surnames.   You will also learn about events and individuals that have shaped its legacy.

Did you know?

• The Ruthven surname was censored in Scotland for several years following the Gowrie Conspiracy.
• Ruthven Barracks in Badenoch are not directly connected to the Perthshire Ruthven family.

The Meaning of the Ruthven Surname

The Ruthven surname is toponymic, taken from the lands of Ruthven in Perthshire.  Toponymic means a name that comes from a place.

Although the exact origin is uncertain, it probably comes from Gaelic for ruadh (meaning red) and abhainn (meaning river), referring to the colour of the soil or a nearby river.

Historical Background of the Ruthven Surname

The Ruthven family first appeared in 12th century records when Walter de Ruthven was recorded in royal charters. Over time, the family rose to prominence becoming the Earls of Gowrie. Their principal seat was Ruthven Castle near Perth.  It was later renamed Huntingtower Castle after the family fell from royal favour.

There are three historical events are associated with the family:

1. The murder of David Rizzio – David was the private secretary of Mary Queen of Scots .  He was assassinated in 1566 by a group of noblemen led by Lord Patrick Ruthven (1520–1566).  What he did was part of a time when Scotland was changing its religion and leaders were fighting for power.
2. The Ruthven Raid (1582) – This was a political coup when members of the Ruthven family abducted the young King James VI in an attempt to control the government.  Although they claimed to act in the king’s interest and were later pardoned, the episode damaged their reputation.
3. The Gowrie Conspiracy (1600) – Perhaps the most infamous chapter in the family’s history.  John Ruthven, 3rd Earl of Gowrie, and his brother Alexander were accused of plotting to abduct or kill King James VI.  Both were killed during the incident. The exact circumstances are a mystery, and some historians believe King James may have exaggerated or even made up the threat.  Afterwards, the Ruthven estates and titles were forfeited (taken away), and the Ruthven surname was banned from public use for a time.

Despite their actions, the Ruthven surname survived.  In the 20th century, the family’s reputation was partially restored when Alexander Hore‑Ruthven became Governor‑General of Australia (1936–1945).  He was later created 1st Earl of Gowrie in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Not Just One Ruthven Family

There are several other Ruthven branches:

• The Ruthven of Forth line included Patrick Ruthven, 1st Earl of Forth and Brentford (c. 1573–1651).  He was a soldier who fought for the king.
• His nephew, Sir John Ruthven, belonged to the Dunglass branch in Berwickshire.  He also served in the military with distinction.
• Another cadet branch is the Ruthven of Lunan (or Forteviot and Ballindean) in Perthshire.

The Place Name

Additionally, the place‑name Ruthven can be found in Inverness-shire and Angus.  Consequently, unrelated families may have also carried the place name.  This means genealogical research into the Ruthven surname must consider multiple distinct origins.

Variations of the Ruthven Surname

The spelling of the Ruthven surname hasn’t really changed over time.  Having said that, the name may appear in early records as Ruthuen, Ruthvin, Riven or Reven, Ruffin or Ruffen.  

Is there a Ruthven Clan?

Yes. Clan Ruthven is a recognised Lowland Scottish clan. The clan badge shows a ram’s head and bears the motto Deid Schaw (“Show a deed”).

The Ruthven Tartan

The tartan is registered as a family and clan tartan featuring red, green, blue and white stripes.

Notable Individuals with the Ruthven Name

• Ruthven Todd (1914–1978) – Scottish poet, novelist, illustrator, and literary scholar associated with the Surrealist movement and known for his work on William Blake.
• William, Lord Ruthven (c.1520–1566) – Nobleman and politician who played a key role in the political affairs of Mary, Queen of Scots, and took part in the assassination of David Rizzio at Holyrood Palace.
• Alexander Hore‑Ruthven, 1st Earl of Gowrie (1872–1955) – British Army officer, Victoria Cross recipient, and Governor‑General of Australia.

Researching the Ruthven Surname

Researching Ruthven ancestors may require consulting Perthshire parish registers, land charters, and legal documents, particularly those connected to the forfeiture of family estates.

Key sources include the National Records of Scotland and reference works such as The Scots Peerage.

As the Ruthven surname appears in multiple regions of Scotland, each family line should be investigated independently to confirm any ancestral connection.